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Bien que le règlement correspondant n’ait pas encore été publié, les États membres de l’UE se sont déjà mis d’accord en mai sur le contenu du règlement fixant les limites pour les MOAH et les valeurs indicatives pour les MOSH.
Les hydrocarbures minéraux (HM) proviennent de produits pétroliers. Leur présence dans les denrées alimentaires est généralement due à une contamination accidentelle lors de la transformation, du conditionnement ou sous l’effet de facteurs environnementaux.
Les hydrocarbures minéraux sont généralement classés en deux grands groupes : les MOAH (hydrocarbures minéraux aromatiques) et les MOSH (hydrocarbures minéraux saturés). Les MOSH sont des hydrocarbures saturés dérivés du pétrole et constituent l’un des groupes d’hydrocarbures minéraux, qui peuvent être ramifiés ou linéaires et présenter des longueurs de chaîne comprises entre environ 10 et 50 atomes de carbone.
Les MOAH sont des composés présentant un système cyclique aromatique constitué d’un ou plusieurs cycles. Ils sont souvent associés à une ou plusieurs chaînes, ramifiées ou linéaires, d’hydrocarbures saturés. Le groupe des composés MOAH est très vaste. Le risque pour la santé en cas d’ingestion par l’homme (et les animaux) n’est toutefois pas le même pour tous les composés. Des études ont toutefois montré que les effets mutagènes et la cancérogénicité sont en corrélation avec le nombre de cycles aromatiques : à partir de trois cycles ou plus, le risque augmente.
Par ailleurs, d’autres fractions d’huile minérale sont regroupées : il s’agit notamment des hydrocarbures polyoléfiniques, oligomères et saturés (POSH), que l’on trouve fréquemment dans les plastiques tels que le polyéthylène et le polypropylène. Les POSH peuvent migrer à l’état de traces dans les denrées alimentaires à partir des emballages en film plastique. Les PAO (polyalphaoléfines) sont des oléfines synthétiques à chaîne courte. On les trouve par exemple dans les solvants ou les huiles lubrifiantes, qui sont également utilisés dans la transformation alimentaire. Il n’est pas toujours possible d’empêcher qu’elles ne migrent en faibles quantités dans les denrées alimentaires.
Le 13 mai 2026, la section « Nouveaux aliments et sécurité toxicologique de la chaîne alimentaire » du SCoPAFF a adopté relatif aux teneurs maximales (ML) en hydrocarbures aromatiques d’huiles minérales (MOAH) dans les denrées alimentaires (SAFETY/CONT/020/26).
En attendant la publication officielle et l’entrée en vigueur du règlement, la Commission et les États membres se sont mis d’accord sur la déclaration commune du SCoPAFF. Celle-ci vise à couvrir la période de transition.
Les limites suivantes figureront dans le règlement :
| MOAH | Product category | Maximum residue levels for MOAH (integrated sum C10-<= C50 ) in mg/kg | ||||
| entering into force: | 01.01.2027 | 01.03.2027 | 01.01.2028 | 01.03.2029 | 01.01.2030 | |
| 5.5.2.2.1 | Groundnut, sesame, coconut and cereal germ and cereal bran oils placed on the market to the final consumer or used as an ingredient in food | 6,0 | 4,0 | 2,0 | ||
| 5.5.2.2.2 | Groundnut, sesame, coconut and cereal germ and cereal bran oils destined for further refining and are labelled as such | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.2.3.1 | Grape seed, cotton seed, blackcurrant seed and argan oil placed on the market to the final consumer or used as an ingredient in food | 10,0 | 5,0 | 2,0 | ||
| 5.5.2.3.2 | Grape seed, cotton seed, blackcurrant seed and argan oil destined for further refining and are labelled as such | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.2.4 | Olive pomace oil and refined olive pomace oil | 10,0 | 5,0 | 2,0 | ||
| 5.5.2.5.1 | Fish oils and oils from other marine organisms and algae placed on the market to the final consumer or used as an ingredient in food | 10,0 | 5,0 | |||
| 5.5.2.5.2 | Fish oils and oils from other marine organisms and algae destined for further refining and are labelled as such | 5,0 | ||||
| 5.5.2.6 | Olive oils other than those listed in 5.5.2.4 | 4,0 | 2,0 | |||
| 5.5.2.7.1 | Other oils/fats (incl. palm oil, cocoa butter, shea butter) placed on the market to the final consumer or used as an ingredient in food | 4,0 | 2,0 | |||
| 5.5.2.7.2 | Other oils/fats (incl. palm oil, cocoa butter, shea butter) destined for further refining and are labelled as such | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.2.8 | Products derived from fats and oils (containing > 80% of fats and oils) and products containing > 50% fat/oil content which only contain fats and oils listed under 5.5.2.1, 5.5.2.6 and 5.5.2.7 | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.3 | Tree nuts | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.4 | Pulses | 0,50 | ||||
| 5.5.5 | Cereal grains and products derived from cereals | Products derived from cereals are defined as products containing > 80% of cereal products, excluding oils derived from cereals to which the maximum levels of category 5.5.2 apply. The maximum level does not apply to cereals used for the production of beer or distillates, provided that the remaining cereal residue is not placed on the market as food. In case the remaining cereal residue is placed on the market as food, the maximum level applies, taking into account Article 3(1), (2) and (4). The fat/oil content refers to the declared fat/oil content or, in absence of a declared fat/oil content, to the fat/oil content as determined by the competent authority. |
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| 5.5.5.1 | Cereal grains | 0,50 | ||||
| 5.5.5.2 | Products derived from cereals with < 4% fat/oil content | 0,50 | ||||
| 5.5.5.3 | Products derived from cereals with ≥ 4% and ≤ 50% fat/oil content | 1,0 | ||||
| 5.5.6 | Milk (2) | 0,50 | ||||
| 5.5.7 | Dairy products (2) other than those listed under 5.5.2.1. |
The fat/oil content refers to the declared fat/oil content or, in absence of a declared fat/oil content, to the fat/oil content as determined by the competent authority. | ||||
| 5.5.7.1 | Products with < 4% fat/oil content | 0,50 | ||||
| 5.5.7.2 | Products with ≥ 4% and ≤ 50% fat/oil content | 1,0 | ||||
| 5.5.7.3 | Products with > 50% fat/oil content | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5 8 | Cocoa beans and cocoa products | |||||
| 5.5.8.1 | Cocoa beans | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.8.2 | Cocoa mass | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.8.3 | Cocoa powder and fat reduced cocoa powder | 1,0 | ||||
| 5.5.9 | Spices, dried herbs, dry tea and dry herbal infusions that are used as an ingredient in food, dry instant tea and dry instant herbal infusions | 10,0 | 5,0 | |||
| 5.5.10 | Infant formulae(3), follow-on formulae(3), young-child formulae(4), food for special medical purposes intended for infants and young children(3), baby food(3), processed cereal-based food for infants and young children(3) and drinks for infants and young children placed on the market and labelled as such. | The fat/oil content refers to the declared fat/oil content or, in absence of a declared fat/oil content, to the fat/oil content as determined by the competent authority. | ||||
| 5.5.10.1 | Products with < 4% fat/oil content | 0,50 | ||||
| 5.5.10.2 | Products with ≥ 4% and ≤ 50% fat/oil content | 1,0 | ||||
| 5.5.10.3 | Products with > 50% fat/oil content | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.11 | Food supplements | 10 | 5 | |||
| 5.5.12. | Food additives | No max. levels apply for food additives. Food additives that are produced from oils or fats, shall be produced from oils that comply with the maximum levels established under this Regulation for oils and fats placed on the market to the final consumer or used as an ingredient in food. |
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| 5.5.13 | Processed and compound foods which contain ingredients listed in categories 5.5.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.5.4, 5.5.5, 5.5.6, 5.5.7, 5.5.8, 5.5.9 and 5.5.12 and which do not fall under categories 5.5.10, 5.5.11 and 5.5.14 | The fat/oil content refers to the declared fat/oil content or, in absence of a declared fat/oil content, to the fat/oil content as determined by the competent authority. For tea and herbal infusions these maximum levels only apply to instant tea, instant herbal infusions and tea and herbal infusions that are used as an ingredient in food and not to other tea and herbal infusions. |
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| 5.5.13.1 | Products with < 4% fat/oil content | 0,50 | ||||
| 5.5.13.2 | Products with ≥ 4% and ≤ 50% fat/oil content | 1,0 | ||||
| 5.5.13.3 | Products with > 50% fat/oil content | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.14 | Compound foods containing ≥ 15% spices and/ or dried herbs and /or dry tea |
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| 5.5.14.1 | Compound foods containing ≥ 75% spices and/ or dried herbs and/or dry tea | 5,0 | ||||
| 5.5.14.2 | Compound foods containing ≥ 50% and < 75% spices and/ or dried herbs and/or dry tea | 3,5 | ||||
| 5.5.14.3 | Compound foods containing ≥ 15% and < 50% spices and/ or dried herbs and/or dry tea | 2,0 | ||||
| For foot notes refer to the regulation after publishing | ||||||
Pour les MOSH, ce sont toujours des valeurs indicatives qui s'appliquent, et non des limites maximales. Si des concentrations en MOSH supérieures aux valeurs indicatives fixées sont détectées, les exploitants du secteur alimentaire doivent faire procéder à des analyses complémentaires afin d'identifier les sources de contamination éventuelles.
| MOSH | Product category | Indicative level (action level) in mg/kg |
| entering into force: | 01.01.2027 | |
| Olive pomace oil, grapeseed oil, blackcurrant seed oil, cottonseed oil, cereal germ oil, safflower oil, essential oils, fish oils and oils from other marine organisms and algae and products derived from these fats and oils |
50 | |
| Animal and vegetable fats and oils other than those listed under points (a) or (c) and products derived from these fats and oils; | 30 | |
| Linseed oil, maize oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, cocoa butter, products derived from these fats and oils; spices, dried herbs, herbal infusions, food supplements |
15 | |
| Cocoa beans, cocoa and chocolate products other than cocoa butter, confectionary other than cocoa and chocolate products; Processed meat and offal; Processed fish and other seafood, processed eggs |
10 | |
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Oilseeds, oil fruits, tree nuts, pulses, cereal grains & cereal based food, |
5 | |
| Liquid formulas and drinks for infants and young children | 1 |
VOTRE PLUS: Le tableau des valeurs limites pour les MOAH semble à première vue assez complexe. Mais pas d’inquiétude, les experts des laboratoires AGROLAB sont vos partenaires compétents et vous aideront à interpréter correctement les résultats d’analyse.
Auteur: Dr. Frank Mörsberger, AGROLAB GROUP; Traduction : Serge Campagne, AGROLAB France
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